Action Research as a Transformative Practice in Municipalized University Education Starting from the Beliefs, Experiences and Training Processes in Physiotherapy of CABLO Miranda UNEFM

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to describe the experiences of students and professors in the National Physiotherapy Training Program (PNFF) at the municipalized level of the Francisco de Miranda National Experimental University (UNEFM) regarding the action research method. The theoretical framework was based on Paulo Freire's critical theory, Kemmis and Elliott's participatory action research, and Habermas's theory of communicative action. The methodological approach was qualitative, with an ethnographic focus. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and field notes from 12 students and 6 professors selected intentionally. The analysis was conducted using categorization and triangulation. Among the results, it is noteworthy that students experienced an initial epistemological shock, which was overcome by discovering the community as a learning space and integrating theory and practice. Among the professors, positions of epistemological resistance and transformative appropriation coexisted. The training process was structured around project-based learning, tutorial support, and the systematization of experiences. The findings highlight the tension between instrumental and communicative rationality, validating the relevance of the socio-critical approach in physiotherapy. It was concluded that action research is consolidating itself as a transformative practice that trains professionals with critical thinking skills and social commitment. Strengthening ongoing teacher training and spaces for systematizing community experiences is recommended.