La voz en la encrucijada digital: implicaciones éticas y axiológicas ante la tecnología de clonación y el deepfake

Abstract

The human voice constitutes a central element of communication, as it embodies identity, presence, and social connection. However, the accelerated development of artificial intelligence–based technologies has enabled systems capable of cloning, manipulating, and automating both the production and the perception of voice, profoundly transforming its communicational status. This article aims to analyze the ethical and axiological implications of voice cloning, audio deepfakes, and automatic speech recognition, situating the voice within a contemporary digital crossroads. Using a qualitative approach, a documentary review with a hermeneutic perspective was conducted, integrating contributions from Communication Sciences, philosophy of technology, and artificial intelligence studies. The analysis adopts transhumanism as a philosophical framework, critically examined through Martin Heidegger’s reflections on technology, to problematize the technical reduction of the voice as a disposable resource. The findings suggest that these technologies undermine authenticity, trust, and the axiological value of the voice, highlighting the need for ethical reflection aimed at preserving its human dimension in contemporary communication.