Influencia de la inteligencia artificial generativa en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de educación superior

Abstract

This paper analyzes the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on the development of critical thinking in higher education students, considering its benefits and the ethical and pedagogical challenges it presents. The growing integration of AI tools, such as ChatGPT and Copilot, necessitates an evaluation of their impact on fundamental cognitive skills, including analysis, synthesis, and information evaluation, in an increasingly digitized educational context. Among the most notable findings, AI is identified as a facilitator for personalized learning, fostering creativity and enhancing critical reflection when used within appropriate pedagogical strategies. However, significant risks are also highlighted, including technological dependence, the loss of intellectual autonomy, and algorithmic biases, which may undermine educational equity and quality. The conclusions emphasize the importance of integrating critical digital literacy into university curricula, training educators in the ethical and pedagogical use of AI, and establishing clear regulatory frameworks to ensure responsible implementation. Additionally, the potential of AI to reduce global educational disparities is highlighted, provided it is implemented in an accessible and equitable manner. This analysis concludes that balancing technological innovation with human development is essential to fostering inclusive, critical, and ethical learning in higher education.