Emotional well-being and resilience in older adults: a systematic Review

Abstract

The aging population requires a redefinition of success in old age, focused on emotional well-being and resilience. This systematic literature review analyzes the interconnectedness of both constructs as pillars of adaptation in later life. Emotional well-being is explained by Carstensen’s Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, which posits that the prioritization of affective goals sustains the well-being paradox despite losses. Meanwhile, resilience stands out as a process of positive adaptation mediated by resources such as perceived self-efficacy and sense of coherence. It was evidenced that the key protective factors are functional social support and meaningful community participation, while social isolation and physical comorbidity are the main risks. The findings demand a strengths-based gerontological approach that promotes interventions to reinforce these adaptive mechanisms, ensuring that the years gained translate into a full and dignified life.