Social economy in the Latin American and Venezuelan context

Abstract

This article reviews the economic and social challenges in Latin America and Venezuela, with an emphasis on universal health and its impact on the well-being of the population. The purpose is to analyze the economic dimension inherent in access to health, identify and analyze key indicators to evaluate progress towards ensuring universal health coverage, and its interrelation with the economic and social policies implemented in the region and the financial effects on households. Methodologically, relevant sources, such as reports from the WHO and the World Bank, are examined to assess the key indicators: unmet health care needs, coverage of essential services, and financial protection. The results show that economic policies, such as disinvestment, have generated inequality in the distribution of GDP, negatively affecting key sectors. Out-of-pocket health expenditures represent a significant economic barrier, especially for rural and vulnerable households. A positive correlation is observed between the level of human development and universal health coverage, highlighting that countries with higher incomes have fewer unmet needs. The analysis concludes that is essential to implement comprehensive strategies to strengthen equity in access to health services, prioritize investment in primary care, and design policies that mitigate the effects of catastrophic spending. This includes a territorial approach that addresses the disparities between urban and rural areas, promoting inclusive and sustainable economic development.